Consensus algorithms are applied in the context of distributed computer systems to improve
their fault tolerance. The explosive development of distributed ledger technology following …

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods can successfully solve complex optimization
problems. Our article gives a systematic overview of major types of RL methods, their …

Due to the distributed characteristics of federated learning (FL), the vulnerability of the global
model and the coordination of devices are the main obstacle. As a promising solution of …

The communication-based train control (CBTC) system ensures the high efficiency and
orderliness of trains and is widely used in urban rail transit networks. The adoption of …

In the last decade, the developments in healthcare technologies have been increasing
progressively in practice. Healthcare applications such as ECG monitoring, heartbeat …

In a ubiquitous environment enclosing cooperative Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices,
individuals, and entities, digital identity management (DIM) becomes critical and …

The recently emerging blockchain technology provides a promising tool to enable
endogenous security in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. However, when applying the …

With the development of electric vehicles, the shortage of charging piles (CPs) has gradually
been exposed. In response to this situation, CP operators have taken private CPs into the …

By sharing resources between edge servers and end users, edge-end cooperation is one
important way to support various applications in Internet of Things, which have critical …

Modern cloud applications are composed of tens of thousands of environment-agnostic
serverless functions that can be deployed in either a fog or cloud environment. The key to …