A well-functioning immune system is vital for a healthy body. Inadequate and excessive
immune responses underlie diverse pathologies such as serious infections, metastatic …

Background Fine particulate matter< 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2. 5) has known effects on
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the …

Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has
detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly …

Background: Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts of the world due to
changes in temperature and precipitation patterns from global climate change. Wildfire …

Rationale: Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air
pollution (PM2. 5) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased …

Exposure to air pollutants has been previously associated with respiratory viral infections,
including influenza, measles, mumps, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus …

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is
characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. It has been a worldwide health …

In the 21st century, urbanization represents a major demographic shift in developed and
developing countries. Rapid urbanization in the developing world has been associated with …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …