We assess the advancement of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling
and simulation (M&S) over the last 20 years (start of 2000 to end of 2019) focusing on the …

Theophylline (3-methyxanthine) is a historically prominent drug used to treat respiratory
diseases, alone or in combination with other drugs. The rapid onset of the COVID-19 …

The aim of this tutorial is to introduce the fundamental concepts of physiologically based
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling with a special focus on their …

Background Clinical trials in children are being encouraged by regulatory authorities in light
of the immense off-label and unlicensed use of drugs in the paediatric population. The use …

Today, in silico studies and trial simulations already complement experimental approaches
in pharmaceutical R&D and have become indispensable tools for decision making and …

In clinical development stages, an a priori assessment of the sensitivity of the
pharmacokinetic behavior with respect to physiological and anthropometric properties of …

Modeling and simulation of oral drug absorption have been widely used in drug discovery,
development, and regulation. Predictive absorption models are used to determine the rate …

The complexity of the human exposome—the totality of environmental exposures
encountered from birth to death—motivates systematic, high-throughput approaches to …

The concept of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was introduced
years ago, but it has not been practiced significantly. However, interest in and …

Background Because of the vulnerability and frailty of elderly adults, clinical drug
development has traditionally been biased towards young and middle-aged adults. Recent …