Chemically modified biomacromolecules─ ie, proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids─
have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to …

In the past 15 years, there have been rapid developments in the ability to cotranslationally
incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins produced in cells, both at defined sites via …

Our understanding of the complex molecular processes of living organisms at the molecular
level is growing exponentially. This knowledge, together with a powerful arsenal of tools for …

Targeted drug delivery refers to an established therapeutic strategy that develops platforms
and nanoscale devices for selective delivery of small drug molecules and therapeutic genes …

Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes plays a key role in life,
where the whole is often much more than the sum of its parts. Quite trivially, the molecules of …

Over 500 natural and synthetic amino acids have been genetically encoded in the last two
decades. Incorporating these noncanonical amino acids into proteins enables many …

In the two decades since the introduction of the “click chemistry” concept, the toolbox of “click
reactions” has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists …

The study of biomolecules in their native environments is a challenging task because of the
vast complexity of cellular systems. Technologies developed in the last few years for the …

The emergence of robust methods to expand the genetic code allows incorporation of non-
canonical amino acids into the polypeptide chain of proteins, thus making it possible to …

Genetic code expansion and reprogramming enable the site-specific incorporation of
diverse designer amino acids into proteins produced in cells and animals. Recent advances …