This review article makes six observations about the current body of research on the societal
impacts of a changing Arctic. First, climate change and globalisation are the dominant …

Does humanity's future lie in the ocean? As demand for resources continues to grow and
land-based sources decline, expectations for the ocean as an engine of human …

Biological invasions are synonymous with international trade. The direct effects of trade
have largely been quantified using relationships between imports and the number of alien …

Abstract Changes in the climatic conditions in the Arctic are opening new trading routes
(Northern Sea Route & North West Passage) in this area. There is a growing importance of …

With current scientific models forecasting an ice-free Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) in summer
by mid-century and potentially earlier, a direct shipping route via the North Pole connecting …

Arctic feedbacks accelerate climate change through carbon releases from thawing
permafrost and higher solar absorption from reductions in the surface albedo, following loss …

Automatically producing Arctic sea ice charts from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
images is challenging for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) due to ambiguous …

For maritime navigation in the Arctic, sea ice charts are an essential tool, which still to this
day is drawn manually by professional ice analysts. The total Sea Ice Concentration (SIC) is …

Climate change is producing maritime navigation opportunities in the Arctic. Melting sea ice
in the summer months is increasing shipping and other vessel traffic. A well-developed body …

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, urban air pollution, and contamination
of oceans by plastic waste have dramatically increased awareness that human civilization …