In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Stimuli‐responsive polymers (SRPs) are special types of soft materials, which have been
extensively used for developing flexible actuators, soft robots, wearable devices, sensors …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Bioprinting is an innovative and emerging technology of additive manufacturing (AM) and
has revolutionized the biomedical sector by printing three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden …

Shape‐memory materials (SMMs) combined with 3D printing to develop dynamic and
adaptive products which are responsive to physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These …

In a variety of industries, Additive Manufacturing has revolutionized the whole design–
fabrication cycle. Traditional 3D printing is typically employed to produce static components …

Abstract 4D printing is a result of 3D printing of smart materials which respond to diverse
stimuli to produce novel products. 4D printing has been applied successfully to many fields …

Typical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise
between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed for …

The self-healing and biocompatibility of polymer composites for biomedicine have made
them a preferred approach for small-scale tissue engineering elements. By moving from …

Abstract 4D printing, the integration of time-dependent shape morphing ability and additive
manufacturing technologies, has opened up new possibilities for creating dynamic and …