Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key link between innate immunity and adaptive immunity and
play crucial roles in both the promotion of immune defense and the maintenance of immune …

The hypoxic response in cells and tissues is mediated by the family of hypoxia-inducible
factor (HIF) transcription factors; these play an integral role in the metabolic changes that …

It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only
recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor …

Macrophages (Mf) are a heterogeneous population of tissue-resident professional
phagocytes and a major component of the leukocyte infiltrate at sites of inflammation …

Synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation transform the
normally acellular synovium into an invasive tumour-like'pannus'. The highly dysregulated …

Infection, cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the major causes for morbidity and
mortality in the United States according to the Center for Disease Control. The underlying …

The use of various transgenic mouse models and analysis of human tumour biopsies has
shown that bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils …

Mito-SEPs are small open reading frame-encoded peptides that localize to the mitochondria
to regulate metabolism. Motivated by an intriguing negative association between mito-SEPs …

Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes
associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all …

Although O2 concentrations are considerably lowered in vivo, depending on the tissue and
cell population in question (some cells need almost anoxic environment for their …