Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Knowledge of lipid droplets (LDs) has evolved from simple depots of lipid storage to
dynamic and functionally active organelles involved in a variety of cellular functions. Studies …

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a ubiquitous process in living organisms that is essential for
tissue homeostasis or to restore biological balance under stress. Over the decades, various …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Huntington disease (HD) is caused by an expansion mutation of the N-terminal
polyglutamine of huntingtin (mHTT). mHTT is ubiquitously present, but it induces noticeable …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are common chronic diseases related to progressive
damage of the nervous system. Globally, the number of people with an ND is dramatically …

Huntington's disease (HD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder affected by
genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Gut dysbiosis …

A number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, share intra-and/or extracellular deposition of …

The CAG expansion of huntingtin (mHTT) associated with Huntington disease (HD) is a
ubiquitously expressed gene, yet it prominently damages the striatum and cortex, followed …

Many types of plastic products, including polystyrene, have long been used in commercial
and industrial applications. Microplastics and nanoplastics, plastic particles derived from …