Leaves have developed various functional structures to enhance plant survival, making
them the most typical bionic prototypes. Bionic research inspired by plant leaves has yielded …

The discovery of antibiotics has saved millions of lives, but the emergence of antibiotic‐
resistant bacteria has become another problem in modern medicine. To avoid or reduce the …

Emergence of antibiotic‐resistance pathogens has caused serious health issues and if the
current trend is to continue, treatment of the infection will become complicated and even …

The performance of multiple engineering systems including solar panels, flexible
electronics, optical equipments and devices is limited due to atmospheric contamination …

Lotus-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces are highly sought owing to exquisite properties
such as de-wetting, self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-fouling. However, their use is limited …

Marine biofouling is a major international challenge, which causes significant problems for
global ecologies and economies. It manifests as the extensive and costly colonization of …

Physical surface modification is an approach that has been investigated over the last
decade to reduce bacterial adhesion and improve cell attachment to biomaterials. Many …

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted considerable interest due to their unique
properties such as self-cleaning, corrosion resistance, anti-icing and drag reduction …

Despite decades of research on the reduction of surface fouling from biomolecules or micro-
organisms, the ultimate antibiofouling surface remains undiscovered. The recent covid-19 …

The global COVID-19 pandemic and widespread concerns about antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) have intensified research efforts towards the development of innovative methods and …