The innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which is initiated by
the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

The field of red cell biology is undergoing a quiet revolution. Long assumed to be inert
oxygen carriers, RBCs are emerging as important modulators of the innate immune …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

Interferons (IFNs) are the hallmark of the vertebrate antiviral system. Two of the three IFN
families identified in higher vertebrates are now known to be important for antiviral defence …

The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense against invading microbial
pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) eventually alert vertebrates about the presence of …

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of yersiniosis or enteric redmouth disease leading to
significant economic losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Infection may result in a …

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different
orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform …

The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) comprise three homologues:
RIG-I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), and laboratory of genetics and …

A comprehensive survey of channel catfish Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was undertaken
following a genomic PCR approach based on degenerate primers. Twenty different TLRs …