B cells are essential for humoral immunity, but the role that they have in regulating CD4+ T
cell responses remains controversial. However, new data showing that the transient …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are a newly recognized class of regulatory genes which repress the
expression of protein‐coding genes. Numerous studies have uncovered a complex role for …

Although B cells produce cytokines it is not known whether B cells can differentiate into
effector subsets that secrete polarized arrays of cytokines. We have identified two …

The most common disease syndromes caused by Salmonella serotypes in humans, typhoid
fever and enteritis, can be modeled using Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium …

Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles (MVs) from their outer membrane
during growth, although the mechanism for MV production and the advantage that MVs …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major public health burden. It is generally thought
that while B cell-and antibody-mediated immunity plays an important role in host defense …

Salmonella enterica is a genetically broad species harboring isolates that display
considerable antigenic heterogeneity and significant differences in virulence potential …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), the aetiologic agent of typhoid fever, is a
human restricted pathogen. The molecular mechanism of Salmonella pathogenicity is …

Extensive work illustrating the importance of cellular immune mechanisms for protection
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has largely relegated B‐cell biology to an afterthought …

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi are the causative agents of human
typhoid fever. Current typhoid vaccines are ineffective and are not widely used in endemic …