The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is
activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila …

The IMD pathway signaling plays a pivotal role in the Drosophila defense against bacteria.
During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in identifying the …

During aging, innate immunity progresses to a chronically active state. However, what
distinguishes those that" age well" from those developing age-related neurological …

Innate immunity relies entirely upon germ-line encoded receptors, signalling components
and effector molecules for the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens. The fruit fly …

Abstract Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)/Rel transcription factors form an integral part of innate
immune defenses and are conserved throughout the animal kingdom. Studying the function …

Hypoxia and inflammation are intimately linked. It is known that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)
regulates the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system, but little is known about how HIF …

Owing to the genetic similarities and conserved pathways between a fruit fly and mammals,
the use of the Drosophila model as a platform to unveil novel mechanisms of infection and …

Caspases have been extensively studied as critical initiators and executioners of cell death
pathways. However, caspases also take part in non‐apoptotic signalling events such as the …

Signal transduction pathways and their coordination are critically important for proper
functioning of animal immune systems. Our knowledge of the constituents of the intracellular …

The post-translational modification of different proteins via direct ubiquitin attachment is
important for various cellular processes. Dysregulation of components of the ubiqutin system …