For purposes of this review, springback is the elastically driven change of shape of a metal
sheet during unloading and following forming. Scientific advances related to this topic have …

The prediction of springback in sheet metal is vital to ensure economical metal forming. The
latest nonlinear recovery in finite element analysis is used to achieve accurate results, but …

Complex (nonlinear) unloading behavior following plastic straining has been reported as a
significant challenge to accurate springback prediction. More fundamentally, the nature of …

The mechanically-measured Young's modulus of metals is consistently lower than the
physically measured one, particularly after plastic straining. Furthermore, the nominally …

Inelastic recovery behavior of TRIP steels during unloading has been investigated by
uniaxial tensile tests. Unloading stress–strain curves obtained under different plastic strain …

Springback remains a major concern in sheet metal forming process. Springback, shape
discrepancy between fully loaded and unloaded configuration due to elastic recovery of …

The elastic moduli of four sheet steels were measured in continuous loading–unloading–
loading (LUL) tests after different amounts of plastic pre-strain. The four materials were a low …

In recent years, the use of advanced high strength steels in automotive industry has been
increased remarkably. Among advanced high strength steels, dual phase (DP) steels have …

To describe the nonlinear stress-strain response in the unloading-reloading process, a
model was proposed for the variation of the elastic modulus during the process. This model …

Abstract Advanced High-Strength steels (AHSS) are increasingly used in industry. Thus, the
springback prediction in bending of AHSS is important to maintain close geometric …