Thyroid dysfunctions are among the most common endocrine disorders and accurate
biochemical testing is needed to confirm or rule out a diagnosis. Notably, true …

Background Gestational TSH and FT4 reference intervals may differ according to assay
method, but the extent of variation is unclear and has not been systematically evaluated. We …

Background: Although increasing data suggest that hyperthyroidism is associated with
adverse pregnancy outcomes, there are only a few reports with different conclusions on …

Background: Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity can attenuate gestational
thyroid responses to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy, whereas the …

The optimal maternal levels of thyroid hormones (TH) during the first trimester of gestation
have not been established, nor has the ideal moment to initiate levothyroxine treatment (LT) …

Iodine is a trace element that is important for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. During
pregnancy, iodine requirements are increased by approximately 50% because of …

Birth related complications and comorbidities are highly associated with a poor nutritional
status of pregnant women, whereas iron and iodine are among especially important trace …

Iron deficiency is a highly prevalent condition, which contributes to unnecessary morbidity,
mortality, and health inequity. A serum ferritin concentration of less than 30 μg/L has a high …

Background Hypothyroidism in the first trimester of pregnancy (T1) has great adverse effects
on mothers and foetuses. However, few studies have investigated the influence on …

Background Standard thyroid function parameters reference intervals (RI) are unsuitable
during pregnancy, potentially resulting in incongruous treatments that may cause adverse …