Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide.
A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only …

Therapeutic resistance continues to be an indominable foe in our ambition for curative
cancer treatment. Recent insights into the molecular determinants of acquired treatment …

The state and behaviour of a cell can be influenced by both genetic and environmental
factors. In particular, tumour progression is determined by underlying genetic aberrations …

Clinical and laboratory studies over recent decades have established branched evolution as
a feature of cancer. However, while grounded in somatic selection, several lines of evidence …

To a large extent, cancer conforms to evolutionary rules defined by the rates at which clones
mutate, adapt and grow. Next-generation sequencing has provided a snapshot of the …

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain genetic material, proteins, and lipids.
They function as potent signaling molecules between cancer cells and the surrounding cells …

An incomplete view of the mechanisms that drive metastasis, the primary cause of cancer-
related death, has been a major barrier to development of effective therapeutics and …

Therapy resistance arises from heterogeneous drug-tolerant persister cells or minimal
residual disease (MRD) through genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. A key question is …

Tumor initiation and progression are somatic evolutionary processes driven by the
accumulation of genetic alterations, some of which confer selective fitness advantages to the …

The clonal evolution model of cancer was developed in the 1950s–1970s and became
central to cancer biology in the twenty-first century, largely through studies of cancer …