Flower longevity is an adaptive trait, optimized to balance reproductive success against the
costs of flower maintenance. The trait is highly plastic in response to pollination success …

Background and Aims A plant investing in reproduction partitions resources between
flowering and seed production. Under resource limitation, altered allocations may result in …

Background Flower longevity plays an important role in pollen dispersal and reproductive
success in plants. In dichogamous plants, the duration of anthesis as well as the time …

Pollination requires a flower to remain open for long enough to allow for the arrival of
pollinators. However, maintaining flowers costs energy and resources. Therefore, flower …

Abstract Background and Aims Plasticity of floral traits in response to pollination can enable
plants to maximize opportunities for pollen import and export under poor pollination …

Premise of research. Larger and longer-lived flowers are more frequently pollinated, but they
are associated with high maintenance costs due to greater water usage. The Mediterranean …

Enhancing natural mechanisms of plant defense against herbivores is one of the possible
strategies to protect cultivated species against insect pests. Host plant feeding stimulation …

Premise Morphological and developmental changes as flowers age can impact patterns of
mating. At the same time, direct or indirect costs of floral longevity can alter their fitness …

Mixed mating and variation in outcrossing rate among populations of the same species are
common. Outcrossing can be affected by pollinator activity and floral traits that facilitate or …

The relationship between floral longevity and the chemical elements that support plant
survival, growth and reproduction remains unclear. Here, we used 12 Paphiopedilum …