Over the past several decades a large amount of data have established that glial cells, the
main cell population in the brain, dynamically interact with neurons and thus impact their …

Microglia represent the immune system of the brain. Their role is central in two phenomena,
neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at the roots of different pathologies …

Upon its release from injured cells, such as infected, transformed, inflamed, or necrotic cells,
extracellular adenosine-5ʹ-triphosphate (ATP) acts as a danger signal that recruits …

Denervation of skeletal muscles induces severe muscle atrophy, which is preceded by
cellular alterations such as increased plasma membrane permeability, reduced resting …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of normal sensation and often leads to debilitating
neuropathic pain (NeP). Chronic NeP develops at or below the SCI lesion in as many as …

Background Redox imbalance and inflammation have been proposed as the principal
mechanisms of damage in the auditory system, resulting in functional alterations and …

Stress affects brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses, which may
contribute in the development of cognitive deficits associated with major depression. These …

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of a highly heterogeneous population of
cells. Dynamic interactions between different compartments (neuronal, glial, and vascular …

The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the mammalian brain contains neural progenitor cells
(NPCs) that continuously produce neuroblasts throughout life. These neuroblasts migrate …

For decades, studies have been focusing on the neuronal abnormalities that accompany
neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, glial cells are emerging as important players in numerous …