Autoimmune diseases display a high degree of comorbidity within individuals and families,
suggesting shared risk factors. Over the past 15 years, genome-wide association studies …

Although all multicellular organisms have germ line–encoded innate receptors to sense
pathogen-associated molecular patterns, vertebrates also evolved adaptive immunity based …

Some people remain healthier throughout life than others but the underlying reasons are
poorly understood. Here we hypothesize this advantage is attributable in part to optimal …

Ancient genomics can directly detect human genetic adaptation to environmental cues.
However, it remains unclear how pathogens have exerted selective pressures on human …

The prevalence of chronic, non-communicable diseases has risen sharply in recent
decades, especially in industrialized countries. While several studies implicate the …

Detection of microbial DNA is a primary means of host defense. In mammalian cells, DNA-
sensing pathways induce robust anti-microbial responses and initiation of adaptive …

The extent of the devastation of the Black Death pandemic (1346–1353) on European
populations is known from documentary sources and its bacterial source illuminated by …

Human immune cells are under constant evolutionary pressure, primarily through their role
as first line of defence against pathogens. Most studies on immune adaptation are, however …

Many factors have contributed to rendering frailty an emerging, relevant, and very popular
concept. First, many pandemics that have affected humanity in history, including COVID-19 …

Fine-mapping and functional studies implicate rs117701653, a non-coding single nucleotide
polymorphism in the CD28/CTLA4/ICOS locus, as a risk variant for rheumatoid arthritis and …