Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is associated with most viral infections—it either constitutes
the viral genome (in the case of dsRNA viruses) or is generated in host cells during viral …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive‐sense RNA viruses
having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved …

RIG‐I is our first line of defense against RNA viruses, serving as a pattern recognition
receptor that identifies molecular features common among dsRNA and ssRNA viral …

DEAD-box (DDX) helicases are vital for the recognition of RNA and metabolism and are
critical for the initiation of antiviral innate immunity. Modification of RNA is involved in many …

Cells are equipped with mechanisms that allow them to rapidly detect and respond to
viruses. These defense mechanisms rely partly on receptors that monitor the cytosol for the …

Highlights•RLRs recognize viral non-self RNA with differential molecular machinery.•
Cytoplasmic aggregates containing RLRs are formed in response to viral dsRNA.•Ubiquitin …

Macrophages are key cellular contributors to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the disease
caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 is present only on …

Orthobunyaviruses, which have small, tripartite, negative-sense RNA genomes and
structurally simple virions composed of just four proteins, can have devastating effects on …