Background Earth system models describe the physical, chemical and biological processes
that govern our global climate. While it is difficult to single out one component as being more …

The semi-domesticated nature of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) makes it a distinct case
among the world's herbivores. Here, we review the literature on how reindeer shape …

Climate warming is predicted to alter ecological boundaries in high‐latitude ecosystems
including the elevational or latitudinal extent of tall shrubs in Arctic and alpine tundra. Over …

Large mammalian herbivores (megafauna) have experienced extinctions and declines since
prehistory. Introduced megafauna have partly counteracted these losses yet are thought to …

Strong evidence for a pan-Arctic expansion of upright shrubs comes from analysis of satellite
imagery, historical photographs, vegetation plots, and growth rings. However, there are still …

The migratory tundra caribou herds in North America follow decadal population cycles, and
browsing from abundant caribou could be expected to counteract the current climate-driven …

Previous studies have shown that climate warming is causing shrub cover to increase at
high latitudes. Increased shrub cover generally lowers surface albedo, which results in …

Background The reindeer (or caribou, Rangifer tarandus L.) has a natural range extending
over much of Eurasia's and North America's arctic, alpine and boreal zones, yet its impact on …

Arctic tundra currently stores half of the global soil carbon (C) stock. Climate warming in the
Arctic may lead to accelerated CO2 release through enhanced decomposition and turn …

Subarctic tundra soils store large quantities of the global organic carbon (C) pool as the
decomposition of plant litter and soil organic matter is limited by low temperatures and …