Physiological and ecological constraints play key roles in the evolution of plant growth
patterns, especially in relation to defenses against herbivores. Phenotypic and life history …

Changes in plants following damage or stress are called" induced responses." In the
broadest sense, these changes can increase the" resistance" of the plant to further herbivore …

Plants face a daunting array of creatures that eat them, bore into them, and otherwise use
virtually every plant part for food, shelter, or both. But although plants cannot flee from their …

Ecologists have long debated the importance of trophic interactions in determining
distributions and abundances of organisms. Those ecologists who agree that trophic …

The ecology of world vegetation is described in numer all of the drafting and photographic
work. They have ous books and journals, but these are usually very spe spent many hours …

Plants have evolved various strategies to defend themselves against herbivores and
pathogens. Although some of these strategies are constitutive, ie present at all times, others …

Examples of how plants obtain and arrest predatory mites as defences against
phytophagous mites are discussed. It has been known for a long time that some plant …

Evidence exists that a number of extrinsic factors do influence secondary metabolism. In
agriculture, addition of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, is often employed to increase biomass …

In recent years, induced plant defenses have received widespread attention from biologists
in a variety of disciplines. The mechanisms underlying these defenses and the interactions …

We conducted a meta‐analysis of 68 studies published between 1982 and 2000 in which
the responses of woody plants to natural or simulated herbivore damage and/or insect …