Cytokines regulate immune responses essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, as
deregulated cytokine signaling can lead to detrimental outcomes, including inflammatory …

A growing body of data suggests that hyperactivation of the immune system has been
implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Several pro …

Coronavirus infection causes diffuse alveolar damage leading to acute respiratory distress
syndrome. The absence of ex vivo models of human alveolar epithelium is hindering an …

Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, lead to altered gene
expression and thus may underlie epileptogenesis via induction of permanent changes in …

Vertebrates have developed systems of immune defence enabling them to cope with the
constant threat posed by environmental pathogens. The mammalian immune system …

Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated in response to cerebral ischemia leading
to substantial brain damage. In contrast, mild activation of TLR4 by preconditioning with low …

Cytokine signaling is mediated by the combinatorial usage of seven STAT proteins that form
homo-or heterodimers involved in the regulation of specific transcriptional programs. Among …

The specificity of a given virus for a cell type, tissue or species—collectively known as viral
tropism—is an important factor in determining the outcome of viral infection in any particular …

Tumor suppressor p53 is widely known as 'the guardian of the genome'due to its ability to
prevent the emergence of transformed cells by the induction of cell cycle arrest and …

The major immediate-early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is believed to have a
decisive role in acute infection and its activity is an important indicator of viral reactivation …