Simple Summary Animals provide food and other critical resources to much of the global
population. Transboundary animal diseases are highly contagious or transmissible …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses significant financial and biosecurity challenges to the
commercial poultry farming industry. IBV is the causative agent of multi-systemic infection in …

This study investigated the clinical, antiviral, and immunological effects of spraying Bacillus
spp. and Lactobacillus spp. as a single or mixture probiotic compound on experimentally …

Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute upper respiratory disease of chicken caused by
Avibacterium (A.) paragallinarum. This disease results in an increased culling rate in meat …

Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII severely affects poultry, causing
respiratory and neurological symptoms with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The …

The high mutation rate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to the
protective efficacy of vaccines. This study aimed at analyzing the S1 genes of IBV field …

The demand for effective, low-cost vaccines increases research in next-generation
biomanufacturing platforms and the study of new vaccine delivery systems (eg, mucosal …

Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bronchitis (IB) are two significant diseases that pose
threats to the poultry industry, caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Infectious …

Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the …

The aim of this study was to find the direct economic losses due to the three viral causes of
the avian respiratory syndrome, including Newcastle disease (ND), H9N2 influenza, and …