Injecting chemical inhibitors is the most common method to mitigate mineral scaling in the oil
industry. As such, the effectiveness of the techniques employed to evaluate performance of …

Investigating important challenges to eliminate crude oil fouling in pipelines needs to be
studied thoroughly. According to environmental and economic issues, fouling in pipelines …

Scale formation is the precipitation of sparingly soluble inorganic salts from an aqueous
medium. Oilfield scales are formed by precipitation from the water that occurs naturally in …

Abstract Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) precipitation, due to incompatibility between the
injected water (IW) and formation water (FW), is known to be a major operational obstacle …

Mineral scale deposition on heat exchanging surfaces increases the thermal resistance and
reduces the operating service life. The effect is usually intensified at higher temperatures …

Mineral scale deposition within onshore and offshore productions is one of the major flow
assurance challenges in the oil and gas industry. Due to the complex nature of the scale …

One of the most discussed topics related to the effects of external magnetic fields (MF) on
aqueous solutions is the influence on the scale formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) …

Complex technical problems, including salt precipitation, can occur during the entire period
of the operation and production of the oil from reservoirs in high-pressure/high-temperature …

Using seawater or engineered water to inject into oil formations can cause inorganic scaling,
such as calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, and strontium sulfate. These scales may clog pore …

Calcium carbonate scale is one of the most common inorganic scales which deposits on the
surface of oil and gas production facilities. This causes significant loss of production and …