Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium (Ca2+) signalling are interconnected in the
perception and transmission of environmental signals that control plant growth, development …

Plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth
and productivity worldwide. During the course of their evolution, plants have developed …

Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

It is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. During
stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various …

Calcium is an essential plant nutrient. It is required for various structural roles in the cell wall
and membranes, it is a counter‐cation for inorganic and organic anions in the vacuole, and …

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated
with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H 2 O 2 in plants subjected to myriad …

Abstract Background Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was initially recognized as a toxic reactive
oxygen species, able to cause damage to a variety of cellular structures. However, it became …

The CDPK-SnRK superfamily consists of seven types of serine-threonine protein kinases:
calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPKs), CDPK-related kinases (CRKs), phospho enol …

Abstract In plants, numerous Ca2+-stimulated protein kinase activities occur through calcium-
dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). These novel calcium sensors are likely to be crucial …

Plant defences against insect herbivores can be divided into 'static'or constitutive defences,
and 'active'or induced defences, although the insecticidal compounds or proteins involved …