Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a redox signal, are produced by various enzymatic
reactions and chemical processes, which are essential for many physiological functions and …

Inflammatory neurodegeneration contributes to a wide variety of brain pathologies. A
number of mechanisms by which inflammatory-activated microglia and astrocytes kill …

It is well-known that dead and dying neurons are quickly removed through phagocytosis by
the brain's macrophages, the microglia. Therefore, neuronal loss during brain inflammation …

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is
characterized by cognitive deficit due to synaptic loss and neuronal death. Extracellular …

Neurogenesis continues throughout the lifetime in the hippocampus, while the rate declines
with brain aging. It has been hypothesized that reduced neurogenesis may contribute to age …

Abstract The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of microbe-sensing receptors that play a
central role in the regulation of the host immune system. TLR4 has been described in the …

Inflammation contributes to a wide variety of brain pathologies, apparently via glia killing
neurons. A number of mechanisms by which inflammatory-activated microglia and …

Milk-fat globule EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8, SED1, lactadherin) is known to mediate the
phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells by bridging phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing cells …

Alzheimer disease is characterized by neuronal loss and brain plaques of extracellular
amyloid β (Aβ), but the means by which Aβ may induce neuronal loss is not entirely clear …

In normal brain, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, the most abundant and active
cells express pannexins and connexins, protein subunits of two families forming membrane …