The central nervous system (CNS) encompasses the brain and spinal cord and is
considered the processing center and the most vital part of human body. The central …

Existing drug delivery methods have not led to a significant increase in survival for patients
with malignant primary brain tumors. While the combination of conventional therapies …

Cavitation-facilitated microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound therapy is a promising
method of drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) for treating many neurological …

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising therapeutic platform for minimally invasive
cancer treatment in which acoustically susceptible drug agents, sonosensitizers, are …

During the research and development of new drugs directed at the central nervous system,
there is a considerable attrition rate caused by their hampered access to the brain by the …

Molecular communication (MC) and molecular network (MN) are communication paradigms
that use biochemical signaling to achieve information exchange among naturally and …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barriers are critical
determinants of CNS homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB and BCSF barriers are formidable …

Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with microbubbles (MBs) has been successfully
used in the delivery of various-size therapeutic agents across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

In spite of significant advances in antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, the elimination of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoirs from the periphery and the central nervous system …

Due to the high compressibility of the gas core compared with the surrounding liquid
medium, microbubbles are highly responsive to ultrasound excitation and exhibit robust …