The bulk motion of nuclear matter at the ultrahigh temperatures created in heavy ion
collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider is well …

A hot, dense medium called a quark gluon plasma (QGP) is created in ultrarelativistic heavy
ion collisions. Early in the collision, hard parton scatterings generate high momentum …

Abstract This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective
of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 …

This work studies the production of direct photons in relativistic nuclear collisions, along with
the production of hadrons. Radiation from the very first instants to the final moments of the …

Abstract The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at the Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), with commissioning of the facility expected in late …

In the hydrodynamic framework of heavy-ion collisions, elliptic flow v 2 is sensitive to the
quadrupole deformation β of the colliding ions. This enables one to test whether the …

We discuss the basic ideas of relativistic transport models used for the interpretation and
description of experimental data from heavy-ion collisions at high collision energies. We …

Direct real photons are arguably the most versatile tools to study relativistic heavy ion
collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms, during the entire space-time history …

We review the current state of research on electromagnetic probes in the context of heavy-
ion collisions. The focus is on thermal photons and dileptons which provide unique insights …

The progress over the 30 years since the first high-energy heavy-ion collisions at the BNL-
AGS and CERN-SPS has been truly remarkable. Rigorous experimental and theoretical …