T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Cancer growth and progression are associated with immune suppression. Cancer cells
have the ability to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor …

Tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment
and have been found to correlate with prognosis and response to therapy. Methods to …

Over the past decade, preclinical and clinical research have confirmed the essential role of
interferons for effective host immunological responses to malignant cells. Type I interferons …

Numerous analyses of large patient cohorts identified specific patterns of immune activation
associated with patient survival. We established these as the immune contexture …

Although the clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has
ushered in a new era of anti-tumor therapy, with sustained responses and significant …

Therapeutic vaccines represent a viable option for active immunotherapy of cancers that aim
to treat late stage disease by using a patient's own immune system. The promising results …

CD4+ T cells are critical regulators of immune responses, but their functional role in human
breast cancer is relatively unknown. The goal of this study was to produce an image of CD4+ …

Purpose Ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to CTLA-4, has been
shown to improve overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients. As a consequence of …

Objective Despite several clinicopathological factors being integrated as prognostic
biomarkers, the individual variants and risk stratification have not been fully elucidated in …