Innate immunity driven by pattern recognition receptor (PRR) protects the host from invading
pathogens. Aquatic animals like fish where the adaptive immunity is poorly developed …

The adaptive immunity system in bacteria and archaea, Clustered Regularly Interspaced
Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR-associate (CRISPR/Cas), has been adapted as a …

TLR22 exists in nearly all the poikilothermic vertebrates and plays a central role in the
initiation of innate immunity and activation of adaptive immunity. TLR22 signaling pathway …

Farmed rohu, Labeo rohita, is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species in
south Asia. Consumer preference for this species has driven researchers to develop …

Tolls and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important regulators in the innate immune system
and their genetic variations usually affect the host's susceptibility/resistance to pathogen …

Tolls and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as innate immune-recognition receptors that recognize
molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens, play a critical role in antimicrobial …

Abstract Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible inflammatory enzyme, which produces
prostanoids from arachidonic acid. COX-2 overexpression and over-activity can cause …

Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNP) found in the coding regions of a gene cause variations in
amino acid residues and are known to influence the function as well as structure of the …

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), has rapidly come to
the forefront of genome engineering and has revolutionized the field. Today, CRISPR-Cas is …

The innate immune system is initiated by the recognition of Pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) through Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Among all the identified …