The retina is an easily accessible out-pouching of the central nervous system (CNS) and
thus lends itself to being a biomarker of the brain. More specifically, the presence of …

FTY720 (fingolimod) is an oral sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator under
development for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). To elucidate its effects in the central …

Cortical neurons display diverse firing patterns and synchronization properties. How
anesthesia alters the firing response of different neuron groups relevant for sensory …

The development of new treatments for intractable retinal diseases requires reliable
functional assessment tools for animal models. In vivo measurements of neural activity …

Retinoprotective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are
well-known and have been demonstrated in various pathological conditions, such as …

Purpose: Anesthesia is necessary to conduct rodent electroretinograms (ERGs). We
evaluated utility of the α2-agonist medetomidine versus xylazine for ERG studies in …

During chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), the cerebral blood flow gradually decreases,
leading to cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative disorders, such as vascular …

The ERG is the sum of all retinal activity. The ERG is usually recorded from the cornea,
which acts as an antenna that collects and sums signals from the retina. The ERG is a …

Purpose: Pituitary adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuroprotective
peptide that has been shown to exert protective effects in different models of …

The electroretinogram (ERG, retina) and visual evoked potential (VEP, brain) are widely
used in vivo tools assaying the integrity of the visual pathway. Current recordings in …