Introduction There are positive aspects regarding the prescribing of fixed dose combinations
(FDCs) versus prescribing the medicines separately. However, these have to be balanced …

Background This study aimed to determine the incidence and prevalence of immunoglobulin
A nephropathy (IgAN) in Europe based on high-quality data from national registries …

Background: There are substantial differences in long term health outcomes across
countries, particularly in terms of both life expectancy at birth (LEAB) and healthy life …

Background: Demography, politics, economy, and governance appear to be the major
structural factors for health and well-being. These factors have a significant role to play in …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of disease burden globally,
disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries. The continued scarcity of …

Background Universal health coverage (UHC) assures all types of health service and
protects all citizens financially in any conditions due to illness. Globally, the UN sustainable …

Background: Tobacco use in youths is a major public health challenge globally, and
approaches to the challenge have not been sufficiently addressed. The existing policies for …

Background and Objectives: IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary
glomerulonephritis, has been extensively studied for renal outcomes, with limited data on …

Background Health risk factors, including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption,
overweight, obesity, and insufficient physical activity, are major contributors to many poor …

Background Children may be exposed to tobacco products in multiple ways if their parents
smoke. The risks of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are well known. This study aimed …