Free Spanning occurs due to unevenness of seabed, artificial supports and etc. Based on
DNV-OS-F101, free spanning may cause Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV), local buckling and …

The proposed study of combined low salinity foam Injection using DLVO-theory (ie,
Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek) and surface complexation modeling or SCM, is …

Pipelines are one of the most important and key elements that align with transferring
hydrocarbon products in coastal and offshore industries which are exposed at various risks …

Pipelines are significant for achieving large-scale clean energy transportation. Meanwhile,
gears are vital components in wind turbines. Metal loss defects are dominant faults of …

he importance of oil transportation in the maritime industry has increased in recent years
due to increased oil and gas production. According to technical and financial aspects, on …

Subsea pipelines are used to transport gas and oil around the world. Oil is transported
through subsea pipelines at high pressure and high temperature to smooth the way for its …

Pipeline free span mitigation is an integral part of field developments and their design for
shallow water conditions poses a number of challenges which require special …

Using a high safety factor in construction without precise calculations imposes high costs on
the execution project. Using a low safety factor exposes the project to a high risk of failure …

استفاده از ضریب اطمینان بالا در ساخت بدون محاسبات دقیق، هزینه های گزافی را متوجه پروژه ی
اجرایی می‌کند و همچنین استفاده از ضریب اطمینان پایین نیز پروژه را با ریسک شکست بالا رو …‎