Background Clostridioides difficile is a spore forming bacterial species and the major
causative agent of nosocomial gastrointestinal infections. C. difficile spores are highly …

Bacterial spores are problematic in agriculture, the food industry, and healthcare, with the
fallout costs from spore-related contamination being very high. Spores are difficult to detect …

The ability to detect and inactivate spore-forming bacteria is of significance within, for
example, industrial, healthcare, and defense sectors. Not only are stringent protocols …

Background: Clostridioides difficile is a spore forming bacterial species that is the major
causative agent of serious infection in hospitals. C. difficile spores are highly resilient to …

The following sections are included: Introduction Raman Spectroscopy Raman
Spectroscopic Techniques Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Statistical Evaluation of …