Ecological data often show temporal, spatial, hierarchical (random effects), or phylogenetic
structure. Modern statistical approaches are increasingly accounting for such dependencies …

Aim Identifying and protecting refugia is a priority for conservation under projected
anthropogenic climate change, because of their demonstrated ability to facilitate the survival …

Climate change in the past has led to significant changes in species' distributions. However,
how individual species respond to climate change depends largely on their adaptations and …

Predicting past distributions of species climatic niches, hindcasting, by using climate
envelope models (CEMs) is emerging as an exciting research area. CEMs are used to …

The older history of hybrid zones is explored through consideration of recent advances in
climatology, paleontology and phylogeography in the Late Cenozoic, particularly the …

Species distribution modeling (SDM: statistical and/or mechanistic approaches to the
assessment of range determinants and prediction of species occurrence) offers new …

The influence of dispersal limitation on species ranges remains controversial. Considering
the dramatic impacts of the last glaciation in Europe, species might not have tracked climate …

Background Climate change is already affecting the distributions of many species and may
lead to numerous extinctions over the next century. Small-range species are likely to be a …

The increasing interest in the effects of climate changes on species distributions has been
followed by the development of Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Although these …

Environmental sorting, historical factors and neutral dynamics may all drive beta diversity
(change in species composition across space), but their relative importance remains …