DNA mutations are inevitable. Despite proficient DNA repair mechanisms, somatic cells
accumulate mutations during development and aging, generating cells with different …

Proteomic instability is causally related to human diseases. In guarding proteome stability,
the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-mediated proteotoxic stress response plays a pivotal role …

Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)–RAS signalling through the downstream mitogen-activated
protein kinase (MAPK) cascade regulates cell proliferation and survival. The SHOC2–MRAS …

Nevus sebaceous is a common congenital cutaneous malformation. Affected individuals
may develop benign and malignant secondary tumors in the nevi during life …

RASopathies are a group of developmental multisystemic disorders caused by germline
mutations in genes encoding signal transducers and regulatory proteins functionally linked …

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by left
ventricular hypertrophy not solely explained by abnormal loading conditions. Despite its rare …

The Ras-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling cascades were originally identified as
cancer regulatory pathways but have now been demonstrated to be critical for synaptic …

Over the past two decades, new insights have positioned phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ
(PI3Kγ) as a context-dependent modulator of immunity and inflammation. Recent advances …

Costello syndrome (CS) is a RASopathy caused by activating germline mutations in HRAS.
Due to ubiquitous HRAS gene expression, CS affects multiple organ systems and …

Several lines of evidence suggest that proliferation and differentiation in neural stem cells
(NSCs) are a major convergence point of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Most …