Shadow economy (SE) represents a complex phenomenon, which is having undoubtedly
many negative sides and undesirable implications upon economy and society, but might …

The main objective of the article is to obtain an estimate for the size and the trend of the
shadow economy in Bulgaria. Based on the monetary approach, we find that the shadow …

Currency is widely assumed to have a comparative advantage over checks for the payment
of purchases of goods and services that individuals wish to conceal from the authorities. A …

Since transactions between participants in unofficial sector (achived using currency) are
undectable it is difficult to obtain a estimation of this sector. The currency is regarded as a …

This volume adds to the existing literature on the Great Recession and the variety of current
troubles in the European Union by providing the views of someone who has been in the …

Improved estimates of the Malaysian Shadow Economy (SE), illegal money and corrections
to the magnitude of SE using the ARDL technique based on the modified Currency Demand …

Up to now, no individual study on Kuwait with respect to the underground economy and tax
evasion has been conducted using the recent adjusted form of currency demand function …

The Romanian tax revenue-to-GDP ratio has been far below the average level of both the
European Union and the New Member States for many years. The decade long growth cycle …

The growing expansion of the underground economic activities has become a serious
concern to many countries as it is viewed as a challenge to the economies in the world …

The objective of this study is to estimate the extent of the underground economy, illegal
currency and tax evasion in the Saudi economy over the period of 1980-2010. The study …