This article reviews past studies of airborne transmission between occupants in indoor
environments, focusing on the spread of expiratory droplet nuclei from mouth/nose to …

Ventilation systems are the primary way of eliminating airborne pathogenic particles in an
operating room (OR). However, such systems can be complex due to factors such as …

Abstract The classic Wells-Riley model is widely used for estimation of the transmission risk
of airborne pathogens in indoor spaces. However, the predictive capability of this zero …

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease has drawn public attention to the transmission of
infectious pathogens, and as major carriers of those pathogens, respiratory droplets play an …

Air cleanliness in operating theatres (OTs) is an important factor for preserving the health of
both the patient and the medical staff. Particle contamination in OTs depends mainly on the …

An indoor environment in a hospital building requires a high indoor air quality (IAQ) to
overcome patients' risks of getting wound infections without interrupting the recovery …

Operating rooms (ORs) often have door openings connected to uncontrolled areas that are
more contaminated. Opening the door may allow an inflow of contaminated air, degrade the …

Air curtains have been widely used as a mean of reducing infiltration and associated energy
losses through building entrances. Since quantifying the infiltration rate through the …

The effect of the built environment on the predominant indoor airflow patterns is significant.
To protect the healthcare workers at the front line from the outbreak of COVID− 19, it is …

This paper aims to review the engineering controls for indoor air quality (IAQ) from a systems
design perspective. As a result of the review, we classify the literature content into three …