Long COVID is the patient-coined term for the disease entity whereby persistent symptoms
ensue in a significant proportion of those who have had COVID-19, whether asymptomatic …

Considerable research effort has been made worldwide to decipher the immune response
triggered upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity …

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and
previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the …

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, novel and traditional vaccine strategies have been
deployed globally. We investigated whether antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new beta coronavirus
that emerged at the end of 2019 in the Hubei province of China. SARS-CoV-2 causes …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat with
particular risk for severe disease and death in older adults and in adults with age-related …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

Abstract Analysis of human blood immune cells provides insights into the coordinated
response to viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which …

The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for the generation of affinity-matured plasma
cells and memory B cells capable of mediating long-term protective immunity …