Background Stroke is a globally dangerous disease capable of causing irreversible
neuronal damage with limited therapeutic options. Meldonium, an inhibitor of carnitine …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common pathological condition that presently
lacks a specific pharmacological treatment. Adenosine levels rise following TBI, which is …

Meldonium is a substance with known anti-anginal effects demonstrated by numerous
studies and human clinical trials; however, it does not possess marketing authorization …

The purinergic receptor P2X4 is an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated cation channel,
which plays an essential role in regulating various biological activities in the organism. This …

Objective Apigenin is a plant flavone proven with biological properties such as anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study, it was aimed to examine the …

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of
cinnamaldehyde (CA) on secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a rat …

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antagonists are known for their neuroprotective
effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of PAI-1 …

Studies have shown that hyperglycemia aggravates brain damage by affecting vascular
endothelial function. However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Male Sprague …

Mildronate is a cardiac and neuroprotective drug that is widely used in some countries. By
inhibiting carnitine biosynthesis, mildronate impairs the fatty acids transport into …

Trauma-induced primary damage is followed by secondary damage, exacerbating traumatic
brain injury (TBI). Dexpanthenol has been shown to protect tissues against oxidative …