NOD1 and NOD2 are related intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan and belong to
the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune proteins that play fundamental and …

It has been long recognized that NOD1 and NOD2 are critical players in the host immune
response, primarily by their sensing bacterial peptidoglycan‐conserved motifs. Significant …

Background: Chronic activation of the innate immune system drives inflammation and
contributes directly to atherosclerosis. We previously showed that macrophages in the …

Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are highly
conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that perform critical functions in surveying …

Background The narrow host range of Mycobacterium leprae and the fact that it is refractory
to growth in culture has limited research on and the biologic understanding of leprosy. Host …

The airway epithelium represents the first point of contact for inhaled foreign organisms. The
protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers and a …

Innate immunity represents the first line of defence against invading pathogens. It consists of
an initial inflammatory response that recruits white blood cells to the site of infection in an …

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the
causative agent of blinding trachoma. Although Chlamydia is protected from humoral …

Nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) proteins are a family
of innate immune receptors that play a pivotal role in microbial sensing, leading to the …

Sensing intracellular pathogens is a process mediated by innate immune cells that is crucial
for the induction of inflammatory processes and effective adaptive immune responses …