The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or
pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive …

The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

The protective efficacy of serum antibodies results from the interplay of antigen-specific B
cell clones of different affinities and specificities. These cellular dynamics underlie serum …

Despite decades of surveillance and pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions,
seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. The …

Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to
escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive …

Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral illness infecting humans. Owing to the
circulation of multiple serotypes, global expansion of the disease and recent gains in …

BACKGROUND Despite many notable successes in prevention and control, infectious
diseases remain an enormous threat to human and animal health. The ecological and …

Two zoonotic influenza A viruses (IAV) of global concern, H5N1 and H7N9, exhibit
unexplained differences in age distribution of human cases. Using data from all known …

Antibody responses are essential for protection against influenza virus infection. Humans
are exposed to a multitude of influenza viruses throughout their lifetime and it is clear that …