Aquaculture of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa accounts for approximately 50% of
Arcidae (ark shell) production in China. Vibrio infection severely threatens the sustainability …

Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) are endemic to New Zealand and support the
largest aquaculture industry in the country. Photobacterium swingsii was isolated and …

Yeast cells and their cell wall components, mainly β-glucans, are strong immunostimulants
in bivalves, however, it remains unclear whether long-term administration of yeast …

Yeast cells can play a crucial role in immune activation in fish and shellfish predominantly
due to the cell wall component β-1, 3-glucan, providing protection against bacterial or viral …

Insertion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) into bacterial cells for constitutive expression is
a powerful tool for the localization of species of interest within complex mixtures. Here, we …

Introduction The culture of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) is of significant socio-
economic importance in the US Pacific Northwest and other temperate regions worldwide …

The oyster Crassostrea gigas larvae in embryonic development stage have been suffering
high mortality rate during hatching, which have seriously hindered the sustainable …

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used extensively for in situ animal studies that
follow up bacterial infection under epifluorescence microscopy. It is assumed that GFP is …

Marine bivalves include species important globally for aquaculture and estuary ecology.
However, epizootics of variable etiologies often pose a threat to the marine fishery industry …

Various species of economically significant cultured marine animals have been infected by
vibriosis for more than a decade. Although knowledge regarding the bacterial disease of …