Fast and accurate gait phase detection is essential to achieve effective powered lower-limb
prostheses and exoskeletons. As the versatility but also the complexity of these robotic …

This article presents a systematic review on wearable robotic devices that use human-in-the-
loop optimization (HILO) strategies to improve human–robot interaction. A total of 46 HILO …

Background In the last decades, several powered ankle-foot orthoses have been developed
to assist the ankle joint of their users during walking. Recent studies have shown that the …

The intelligent knee prosthesis is capable of human-like bionic lower limb control through
advanced control systems and artificial intelligence algorithms that will potentially minimize …

Prosthetic knees are state-of-the-art medical devices that use mechanical mechanisms and
components to simulate the normal biological knee function for individuals with transfemoral …

Amputation has a big impact on the functioning of patients, with negative effects on
locomotion and dexterity. In this context, inertial measurement units represent a useful tool in …

Quasi-stiffness characterizes the dynamics of a joint in specific sections of stance-phase and
is used in the design of wearable devices to assist walking. We sought to investigate the …

A systematic review of the mechanical design of powered ankle–foot prostheses developed
from 2000 to 2019 was conducted through database and manual searches. A total of ten …

In this article, a new hydraulic semi-active knee (HSAK) prosthesis is proposed. Compared
with knee prostheses driven by hydraulic-mechanical coupling or electromechanical …

Lower limb prosthetics, essential for restoring mobility in individuals with limb loss, have
witnessed significant advancements in recent years. This systematic review reports the …