The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early
detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an …

Chemosensory assessment of predation risk is widespread in aquatic systems (Chivers and
Smith, 1998; Kats and Dill, 1998). Studies completed primarily in the last decade suggest …

Hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, are sessile, filter-feeding organisms that are heavily
preyed upon by blue crabs, which find their clam prey using chemical cues. Clams may …

Predation is one of the most important selective forces acting on prey animals. To respond
adaptively to predation threats and increase their chances of survival, prey animals have to …

Extant anuran amphibians originate from an evolutionary intersection eventually leading to
fully terrestrial tetrapods. In many ways, they have to deal with exposure to both terrestrial …

According to the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis, selection favors prey that
accurately assess the degree of threat posed by a predator and adjust their anti-predator …

Abstract Theory predicts that animals should adjust their escape responses to the perceived
predation risk. The information animals obtain about potential predation risk may differ …

Organisms often perceive predation risk through visual, auditory, or chemical cues that
accompany or persist after an attack on other prey individuals. In this paper an argument is …

Many aquatic species use chemosensory information to assess predation risk. The cues
used in such risk assessment can come either from the predator (predator odour) or from …

The ability to develop effective antipredator responses early in life should be strongly
promoted by natural selection. Recent work has shown that embryonic amphibians can …