Estrogen is a steroid hormone that has critical roles in reproductive development, bone
homeostasis, cardiovascular remodeling and brain functions. However, estrogen also …

IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling and functions are mediated through the activities of a
complex molecular network of positive (eg., type I IGF) and negative (eg., the type II IGF …

The biological actions of estrogens are mediated by estrogen binding to one of two specific
estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ, which belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, a …

The AP-2 family of transcription factors consists of five different proteins in humans and mice:
AP-2α, AP-2β, AP-2γ, AP-2δ and AP-2ε. Frogs and fish have known orthologs of some but …

Carcinoma in situ testis (CIS), also known as intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), is a
pre-invasive precursor of testicular germ cell tumours, the commonest cancer type of male …

MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that are able to post-transcriptionally modulate gene
expression and that have crucial roles in the control of physiological and pathological …

AP-2 transcription factors represent a family of three closely related and evolutionarily
conserved sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, AP-2α,-β and-γ. Subsequent studies …

The members of the AP-2 family of transcription factors play important roles during
mammalian development and morphogenesis. AP-2γ (Tcfap2c–Mouse Genome Informatics) …

Invasive lobular and ductal breast tumors have distinct histologies and clinical presentation.
Other than altered expression of E-cadherin, little is known about the underlying biology that …

Salivary gland cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms whose biological
and clinical characteristics differ considerably from those of mucosal squamous cell …