Haldane's rule is one of the 'two rules of speciation'. It states that if one sex is 'absent, rare or
sterile'in a hybrid population, then that sex will be heterogametic. Since Haldane first made …

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, white‐backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera,
and small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus are three major insect pests of rice …

Highlights•Aphids are important models to study symbiosis, insect–plant interactions, and
polyphenism.•The reference genome of Acyrthosiphon pisum has been greatly improved; …

Chromosome rearrangements are arguably the most dramatic type of mutations, often
leading to rapid evolution and speciation. However, chromosome dynamics have only been …

Genome structural variations, including duplications, deletions, insertions, and inversions,
are central in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes. However, structural variations present …

Genomes of aphids (family Aphididae) show several unusual evolutionary patterns. In
particular, within the XO sex determination system of aphids, the X chromosome exhibits a …

Background The corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch) is the most economically
damaging aphid pest on maize (Zea mays), one of the world's most important grain crops. In …

Although asexual lineages evolved from sexual lineages in many different taxa, the genetics
of sex loss remains poorly understood. We addressed this issue in the pea aphid …

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are a group of reproductive proteins that are among the most
evolutionarily divergent known. As SFPs can impact male and female fitness, these proteins …

Effector proteins play crucial roles in plant-parasite interactions by suppressing plant
defenses and hijacking plant physiological responses to facilitate parasite invasion and …