Clustered regularly spaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR) structure family forms the
acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas …

Transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have
revolutionized control of some major pests. However, more than 25 cases of field-evolved …

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family is ubiquitous in the living world.
ABC proteins bind and hydrolyze ATP to transport a myriad of molecules across various lipid …

Background The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is comprised
predominantly of proteins which directly utilize energy from ATP to move molecules across …

Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) serve critical roles in insecticides and other forms
of xenobiotic chemical detoxification. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) …

Gossypol is a polyphenolic toxic secondary metabolite derived from cotton. Free gossypol in
cotton meal is remarkably harmful to animals. Furthermore, microbial degradation of …

Melon thrips, Thrips palmi, represent a significant threat to plants, inducing necrosis and
acting as vectors for numerous plant viruses. Entomopathogenic fungi present a promising …

Rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) is an important insect pest in paddy fields. Due to
their essential role in the physiology and insecticidal resistance, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) …

Juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) is a key regulator of JH signaling, and crosstalk
between JH and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) can activate and fine-tune the mitogen …

In insects, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s or CYPs) play an important role in the
detoxification and metabolism of exogenous plant allelochemicals. In this study, a P450 …