OBJECTIVE Placement of a ventricular drain is one of the most common neurosurgical
procedures. However, a higher rate of successful placements with this freehand procedure …

Neurosurgical interventions in the brain are challenging due to delicate anatomical
structures. During surgery, precise navigation of surgical instruments supports surgeons and …

Background Ventriculostomy (VST) is a frequent neurosurgical procedure. Freehand
catheter placement represents the standard current practice. However, multiple attempts are …

Image-guided neurosurgical interventions are challenging due to the complex anatomy of
the brain and the inherent risk of damaging vital structures. This paper presents a …

Planning a keyhole neurosurgical intervention is challenging due to the complex brain
anatomy and the risk of penetrating vital structures. This work presents a neurosurgical …

Neurosurgical procedures are associated with great challenges for the surgeon since a high
degree of precision is required. Operations are performed within a limited space and often …