Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large group of enveloped viruses with a single-strand RNA
genome, which continuously circulate in mammals and birds and pose a threat to livestock …

RNA viruses are characterized by high mutation and recombination rates, which allow a
rapid adaptation to new environments. Most of the emerging diseases and host jumps are …

Despite the fact that vaccine resistance has been typically considered a rare phenomenon,
some episodes of vaccine failure have been reported with increasing frequency in …

Simple Summary In future decades, the demand for poultry meat and eggs is predicted to
considerably increase in pace with human population growth. Although this expansion …

Avian infectious bronchitis is a contagious viral disease, caused by avian infectious
bronchitis virus (IBV), that leads to severe losses in the poultry industry all over the world …

Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) has been recognized as a respiratory pathogen of turkey
and chickens for a long time. Recently, a crescent awareness of aMPV, especially subtype …

There is growing interest in emerging viruses that can cause serious or lethal disease in
humans and animals. The proliferation of cloacal virome studies, mainly focused on poultry …

Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus (IBV) causes considerable economic losses to poultry
production. The data on transmission dynamics of IBV in China are limited. The complete …

The identification of a new circovirus (Porcine circovirus 3, PCV‐3) has raised a remarkable
concern because of some analogies with Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV‐2). Preliminary results …

Bovine coronavirus (BoCV) is an important pathogen of cattle, causing severe enteric
disease and playing a role in the bovine respiratory disease complex. Similar to other …